pip 一直未提供软件包整体更新的功能，一般可以通过 list 参数列出所有的三方包再进行 install --upgrade 操作解决问题。
但在 Gentoo 还有一个问题：有部分程序是依赖于系统级的三方包的，如果用户级自己也安装了同一个包，但版本有问题，可能导致程序运行出错。比如我使用 calibre 时就曾因为用户级安装 html5-parser 和 PyQt5 包的问题导致启动直接抛出异常
使用 equery g calibre | grep dev-python 可以查看到目前 calibre 依赖的 python 三方包还是很多的：
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| [ 1] dev-python/apsw-3.25.2_p1
[ 1] dev-python/beautifulsoup-4.8.1
[ 1] dev-python/chardet-3.0.4
[ 1] dev-python/cssselect-1.1.0
[ 1] dev-python/css-parser-1.0.4-r1
[ 1] dev-python/dbus-python-1.2.14
[ 1] dev-python/dnspython-1.16.0-r1
[ 1] dev-python/feedparser-5.2.1
[ 1] dev-python/html2text-2019.9.26
[ 1] dev-python/html5-parser-0.4.9
[ 1] dev-python/lxml-4.5.0
[ 1] dev-python/markdown-3.2.1
[ 1] dev-python/mechanize-0.4.5
[ 1] dev-python/msgpack-0.6.2
[ 1] dev-python/netifaces-0.10.9
[ 1] dev-python/pillow-7.0.0
[ 1] dev-python/psutil-5.7.0
[ 1] dev-python/pygments-2.6.1
[ 1] dev-python/python-dateutil-2.8.1-r1
[ 1] dev-python/PyQt5-5.14.1-r1
[ 1] dev-python/PyQtWebEngine-5.14.0
[ 1] dev-python/regex-2019.11.1
[ 1] dev-python/setuptools-44.0.0
[ 1] dev-python/sip-4.19.21
[ 1] dev-python/apsw-3.25.2_p1
[ 1] dev-python/beautifulsoup-4.8.1
[ 1] dev-python/chardet-3.0.4
[ 1] dev-python/cssselect-1.1.0
[ 1] dev-python/css-parser-1.0.4-r1
[ 1] dev-python/dbus-python-1.2.14
[ 1] dev-python/dnspython-1.16.0-r1
[ 1] dev-python/feedparser-5.2.1
[ 1] dev-python/html2text-2019.9.26
[ 1] dev-python/html5-parser-0.4.9
[ 1] dev-python/lxml-4.5.0
[ 1] dev-python/markdown-3.2.1
[ 1] dev-python/mechanize-0.4.5
[ 1] dev-python/msgpack-0.6.2
[ 1] dev-python/netifaces-0.10.9
[ 1] dev-python/pillow-7.0.0
[ 1] dev-python/psutil-5.7.0
[ 1] dev-python/pygments-2.6.1
[ 1] dev-python/python-dateutil-2.8.1-r1
[ 1] dev-python/PyQt5-5.14.1-r1
[ 1] dev-python/PyQtWebEngine-5.14.0
[ 1] dev-python/regex-2019.11.1
[ 1] dev-python/zeroconf-0.19.1
[ 1] dev-python/setuptools-44.0.0
[ 1] dev-python/sip-4.19.21
[ 1] dev-python/apsw-3.25.2_p1
[ 1] dev-python/beautifulsoup-4.8.1
[ 1] dev-python/chardet-3.0.4
[ 1] dev-python/cssselect-1.1.0
[ 1] dev-python/css-parser-1.0.4-r1
[ 1] dev-python/dbus-python-1.2.14
[ 1] dev-python/dnspython-1.16.0-r1
[ 1] dev-python/feedparser-5.2.1
[ 1] dev-python/html2text-2019.9.26
[ 1] dev-python/html5-parser-0.4.9
[ 1] dev-python/lxml-4.5.0
[ 1] dev-python/markdown-3.2.1
[ 1] dev-python/mechanize-0.4.5
[ 1] dev-python/msgpack-0.6.2
[ 1] dev-python/netifaces-0.10.9
[ 1] dev-python/pillow-7.0.0
[ 1] dev-python/psutil-5.7.0
[ 1] dev-python/pygments-2.6.1
[ 1] dev-python/python-dateutil-2.8.1-r1
[ 1] dev-python/PyQt5-5.14.1-r1
[ 1] dev-python/PyQtWebEngine-5.14.0
[ 1] dev-python/regex-2019.11.1
[ 1] dev-python/zeroconf-0.19.1
[ 1] dev-python/setuptools-44.0.0
[ 1] dev-python/sip-4.19.21
|
为避免此类情况的再次发生，编写脚本如下：
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| #!/usr/bin/env bash
trap 'rm -f "${user_file}" "${sys_file}"' EXIT
user_file=$(mktemp) || exit 1
sys_file=$(mktemp) || exit 1
equery list 'dev-python/*' | awk -F/ '{print $2}' | sed 's/-[0-9].*//' | sort > "${sys_file}"
update() {
"pip$1" list --user 2>&- | sed '1,2d' | awk '{print $1}' | sort > "${user_file}"
mapfile -t packages <"${user_file}"
[ ${#packages[@]} -gt 0 ] &&
"pip$1" install --upgrade --user "${packages[@]}"
mapfile -t packages < <(join "${user_file}" "${sys_file}")
[ ${#packages[@]} -gt 0 ] &&
"pip$1" uninstall "${packages[@]}"
}
update 2
update 3
|